For the Church | On Life and Doctrine

For every gospel minister, the New Testament letters of 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, and Titus are to be lifelong companions. The Pastoral Epistles are letters we return to again and again, guiding us on our journey of life and ministry. Indeed, I know of no better way to ensure ministerial faithfulness than for the minister to live in these three books.

For a quarter century, these books have been just that for me. Over the years, I’ve read through the Pastoral Epistles once a month on average. And every time I do, my faith is strengthened, my ministry is sharpened, and my calling is renewed.

The Pastoral Epistles are the apostle Paul’s words of instruction and encouragement to his son-in-the-faith Timothy and his ministry colleague Titus. But these three letters speak beyond these two men—they speak to all, in every time and place, who’ve entered the ministerial ranks.

Most ministers are familiar with the broad contours of these three books, and many of us can point to key verses for inspiration and accountability. I presume that’s the case for you too. Like me, you likely resonate with Paul’s call to “preach the word in season and out of season,” to “fight the good fight of faith,” and to “finish the course” of ministry (2 Tim. 4:2–5; 1 Tim. 6:12; 2 Tim. 4:7).

Similarly, we periodically return to the qualifications for pastoral ministry as found in 1 Timothy 3:1–7 and Titus 1:6–9, and well we should. In these passages, we find God’s enduring qualifications for ministers, qualifications that remain regardless of one’s generation or context of service.

Yet there’s one, often overlooked, verse that has captivated me more than any other. I reflect on it often, returning to it again and again as a compass for my life and ministry. I do so because of the stark warning and promising reward this verse contains. First Timothy 4:16 charges us to “Pay close attention to yourself and to your teaching; persevere in these things, for as you do this you will ensure salvation both for yourself and for those who hear you.”

This verse ties together an entire section of apostolic admonition that runs from 4:6 through 4:16. And it’s pregnant with ministerial promise. Let’s carefully reflect on this verse’s every word, and note its every component. As we do, we’ll see where we’re going in the chapters ahead.

First, notice the close link between the inward and the outward, the private and the public. The minister’s internal life validates and strengthens his external ministry. The sequence is essential.

“Pay close attention to” means to be mindful of or to be attentive to. It carries the idea of focus, of fixed concentration. It’s not that the minister thinks of nothing else; it’s that he thinks on what follows above all else. If he gets nothing else right, he gets his life and doctrine right.

Ours is an age preoccupied with self. One’s self-image, visible appearance, public identity, and one’s self-expression are all focal points of our time. But that’s not the point of this text. Our text refers to your inner person. Man looks at the outward appearance, God looks at the heart.1

“Yourself” refers to one’s heart, one’s inner person, one’s true spiritual man. We can think of one’s personal holiness, one’s Christlikeness, one’s godliness. The importance of one’s inner person is a theme that runs throughout Scripture. And that’s because who one is inwardly is who one really is. That is why Proverbs 4:23 insists the reader “Watch over your heart with all diligence, for from it flow the springs of life” (emphasis added).

“Your teaching” means one’s doctrine, that which one believes and espouses. Paul uses this word some nineteen times in his New Testament letters and fifteen times in the Pastoral Epistles. Doctrine is the lifeblood of the minister and of the church, thus it recurringly appears in the Pastoral Epistles.

By “your teaching” the apostle is not personalizing it to Timothy, nor to any other minister. It’s not our truth, it’s God’s truth. Thus, the minister’s goal is to be faithful to the full array of Christian truth as found in Holy Scripture. Indeed, the minister is a workman, studying so that he might rightly divide the Word of God.

“Persevere in these things” indicates the minister’s life and teaching must be of ongoing concern. It is not enough for the minister to have been found faithful in this regard. The minister is to be faithful. As the minister does so, he verifies his fitness for ministry. Not just in the future, but in the present. To borrow an example from the medical field, we aren’t to settle for an annual check-up. We need a daily evaluation.

As we persevere in these things, we “ensure,” or give evidence of, what is unseen—that our lives and ministries are approved by God. Though our calling to Christ and to the ministry—from start to finish—is from the Lord, Paul charges us to steward our lives and teachings as though our ministerial legitimacy depends on our faithfulness. Paul isn’t conflicted, rather he’s a compatibilist. The apostle sees no conflict between God’s sovereignty and the minister’s responsibility, both are compatible in the mind of God.

By “salvation” Paul gets to the heart of the matter. He does not mince words. To be saved means to be saved from God’s impending wrath. The goal for every Christ-follower is to be saved from that wrath, and for every minister to shield his congregation from that wrath. For those in Christ, God’s justice has been satisfied through Christ’s payment, thus no need for our own.

The way—the only way—to ensure this goal is through faithful gospel ministry, which is upheld by guarding your life and doctrine. This ensures salvation for “yourself” and “for those who hear you.” Note, it’s not one’s followers, but one’s hearers. This reminds us of the minister’s central task—to preach and teach the Word of God.

Gospel proclamation is God’s chosen means of converting the lost. As Paul argued elsewhere, faith comes by hearing and hearing by the “word of Christ.”2 Rightly knowing, believing, and proclaiming the gospel is essential for salvation, on both the teaching and receiving end.

Thus, you see how rich this one verse truly is. It is indeed pregnant with ministerial promise. It comes with a stark word of warning, but also a rich word of reward. It behooves every minister to guard his life and his doctrine. It behooves you to guard yours.

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1 Samuel 16:7: “But the Lord said to Samuel, ‘Do not look at his appearance or at the height of his stature, because I have rejected him; for God sees not as man sees, since a man looks at the outward appearance, but the Lord looks at the heart.’”
Romans 10:17: “So faith comes from hearing, and hear- ing by the word of Christ.”